Using Porter’s Five Forces to Analyse the Business Environment

Hi Friends,

In analyzing a business, the quantitative portion is much simpler than the qualitative portion as it is much more subjective. A way to help guide us in understanding a business is to use business frameworks.

Today, I would like to share one of these frameworks that is taught in Business School which I feel could help us.

#1: Porter’s Five Forces

Porter’s Five Forces of Competitive Position Analysis were developed in 1979 by Michael E Porter of Harvard Business School as a simple framework for assessing and evaluating the competitive strength and position of a business organisation.

This theory is based on the concept that there are five forces that determine the competitive intensity and attractiveness of a market. Porter’s five forces help to identify where power lies in a business situation. This is useful both in understanding the strength of an organisation’s current competitive position, and the strength of a position that an organisation may look to move into.

Strategic analysts often use Porter’s five forces to understand whether new products or services are potentially profitable. As investors, we can use it to analyze the attractiveness or risks of the business:

Porter’s five forces of competitive position analysis:


 

The five forces are:

1. Supplier power. An assessment of how easy it is for suppliers to drive up prices. This is driven by the: number of suppliers of each essential input; uniqueness of their product or service; relative size and strength of the supplier; and cost of switching from one supplier to another.

2. Buyer power. An assessment of how easy it is for buyers to drive prices down. This is driven by the: number of buyers in the market; importance of each individual buyer to the organisation; and cost to the buyer of switching from one supplier to another. If a business has just a few powerful buyers, they are often able to dictate terms.

3. Competitive rivalry. The main driver is the number and capability of competitors in the market. Many competitors, offering undifferentiated products and services, will reduce market attractiveness.

4. Threat of substitution. Where close substitute products exist in a market, it increases the likelihood of customers switching to alternatives in response to price increases. This reduces both the power of suppliers and the attractiveness of the market.

5. Threat of new entry. Profitable markets attract new entrants, which erodes profitability. Unless incumbents have strong and durable barriers to entry, for example, patents, economies of scale, capital requirements or government policies, then profitability will decline to a competitive rate.

Arguably, regulation, taxation and trade policies make government a sixth force for many industries.

Next post, I will share another framework that will help us look at the business from another different angle!

In the meantime, do join us for a live workshop to discuss more!

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Mind Kinesis Research Team

 

 

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